Refers to in the petroleum and natural gas drilling, mining transmission, water treatment and improve the recovery process used in a class of additive and its variety, most belong to the water soluble polymer (such as vegetable gum, polyacrylamide, cellulose and bio polymer) and surfactant (petroleum sulfonate, alcohol or alkyl phenol ethoxylated ether). The main content of the research of oil field chemistry is the preparation of the chemical, the evaluation of the performance (including basic theory), the screening formula, the construction design and the field test. Due to different reservoir conditions, crude oil, water quality, rock performance varies, the use of chemicals (formula) targeted. In order to development and reasonable use of oil field chemicals requires knowledge of various academic disciplines, such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, analysis chemistry, fluid mechanics, reservoir engineering and mathematical calculations etc.). Oil field chemistry has gradually become a new frontier science, which is more and more valued.